Airplane winch



J1me 1939- .J. c. SMALTZ ET AL 2,163,231

AIRPLANE WINCH Filed March 1, 1955 2 She ets-Sheet 1 J a -0 n ma 2 Cg rlWft'a/z lerth Patented June 20, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. I

AIRPLANE WINCH John C. Smaltz, New York, N. Y., and Carl W.

Kahlerth, Newark, N. J., assignors to McKiernan-Terry Corporation, NewYork, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application March 1, .1935,Serial No. 8,810

47 Claims. (Cl. 254-172) This invention relates particularly to winchesi g at o end a gear engaged y Pinion 011 for handling airplanes, boatsor other floating ob- & l v j r l in bearings l- I jects, where wavemotion or equivalent forces are The sleeve 6 constitutes one element ofa difpresent, r I ferential gear set, carrying at one end a head or ,5The case of hoisting aboard ship an airplane cross arm 8. support n nits pp sit ds. s u 6 which has alighted. on the water, presents by 0!!which ar i a ed p o s l0.

. way of example, one of t important s th These two pinions' III on theends of the cross invention. The rising and falling of the plane arm 8-,mesh at th in id wi Dihion 11- on the waves, the roll of the ship,accentuated at. concentrically disposed dr v shaft and t h 'the point ofsuspension at the end of the out- Outside with a' surrounding annulargear l3, coir-'10 swung boom, the wind and tide, introduce forces t n ar k dr m l4, ensas lble by brake shoes diflicult to counteract andpresent a' problem 5,-under control of a brake m n indica ed which, sofar as known, has not-up to thetime generally at [6.

' of this invention, been successfully met." A very The drive shaft I2is shown as extending 16 special difiiculty has-existed in thehandlinguof' through and journalled within the sleeve 6, and

, airplanes, in that sudden hoisting strains, r jthebrake drum isshownas journalledon the sulting from movement of thelship or eewmfleeve 6 at IT, and as having a pilo bearingjt and combinations of both,might'weaken'br'stress n i d of 8 on s i t C0ninternal portions of theairplane structureto c h il s thus a tai d between the center 20 suchapoint as to create a dangerou's condition, Sc r w h y be considered thesun gear 20 which could notb known by ord1na,ry ve oft e'combination,theplanetary gears Ill and. unusual inspection and'precaution. the subrake drum ar is. I

It is therefore a general object of the' 'present Variable drive of thedrum is effected in the V invention to provide a winch which can berelied lustra i n. from a constantly runnin -di upon to lift an airplaneor otherobject ltional e tr motor 1 thmllgh a hydraulic conditions suchas described, without straining ftra sm s o p sing a pump unit In.Ordior injuring the object or thehoisting mechanismnari y known stheA-end; driven by the motor Other, special objects of the inventionare. to d-ahy 0 ot unit usually ow s providea which of the characterindicate'd, whlch' 9- m. d ect connected with drive shaft i2,;'- will becompact in design and therefore adapted by a-fiexible coupling 22, andconnected with the' 30 to fit into the allotted space on ship board;which Arena b P p will be entirely safe and reliable, easy for-an The pup or -e d o he yd aul c ve is operator to understand and properlycontrol and how as q pp i alhahd Wheel for which will be entirelypractical and efiicient for varying the stroke adjustment and the motoror 35 the purposes intended. 'B-end H is indicated at 26, as of theautomatic 35 Other objects and novel features of construcpressureregulated stroke type. By this particution, combinations, relations-andarrangements lar combination, the winch motor unit may be of parts bywhich the objects are attained are set; started, stopped, reversed andrun at different forth or will appear in the course of the follow-,speeds in opposite directions, by simple adjust 40 mg specification. Vment of the hand wheel or other control at the 40 The drawingsaccompanying and forming part A-end and the winch motor unit by changein of the specification illustrate one of the practical pressureoccasioned by variation of the load will embodiments of the invention,it being underautomatically vary its stroke -to carry the heavier stoodthat the structure may be modified and load at slower speed. The purposeof these parchanged in various ways, all within the true inticularattributes will appear. l

tent and broad scope of-the claims. The internal gear [3, of thedifierential Fig. 1 in the drawings is a partly diagrammatic sho n ashaving a shaft 21, connected by flexible and partial plan and brokensectional view of one coupling 28, with the shaft of a hydraulic brakeform of the winch. 29 This may be a simple gear pump, but as the Fig. 2is a diagrammatic representation of the invention is fully understood,it will be appre- 5o winch as in operation. ciated that othersuitableforms of energy ab- Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view with broken sorbingdevices may be employed, such as .elecsectional illustrations of thecentrifugal and limit trical or mechanical or various combinations ofswitches. v these.

The drum of this winch is indicated at '3, hay- The brake pump isindicated as connected by. 55

piping 33, with a suitable form of radiator system 3i, this pipingsystem including a relief valve 32, adjusted to the desired brakingpressure.

An expansion tank is indicated at 33, to eliminate air from the systemso as to keep the system always full of fluid, connected across theradiator and including in its connections a shuttle valve 34, orthelike, for insuring connection of the expansion tank tothe low pressureside of the system. v V

A booster or make-up pump is shown at3i, directly operated by the powersource l3, or from a separate source of power, and connected by lines33, to assist in maintaining the desired constant load in the brake pumpsystem.

In operation of the invention, the power motor i I3 may be keptconstantly running, driving the has wound in an amotmt of linecorresponding to podtion of the plane on a high wave. Thus,

A-end 23. In the case of hoisting an airplane on shipboard, the A-sumtis controlled to effect thelowering of the cable 31,. Fig. 2, with justenough tension on the line as predetermined by,

the load of the brake pump to enable proper engagement of the hook withthe air- I plane. This also may be accomplished by operating themechanism as a fixed drum winch,

leaving the brake 13 set, so that the drum will turn' as driven by theB-end through the sun and planet gears'iland l3.

In Fig, 1, controls by which the fixed drum and automatic winchoperation can be effected are illustrated as follows: a

jibe magnetic brake i3 is shown as of the open circuit type, in whichthe brake is set .when the magnet circuit is open and released, when themagnet circuit isclosed. Therefore, with no current in the brake winding33, the brake will be set and the brake gear [4, held against rotation.At such times, both the switches 33 and 40 are open, so that no currentcan pass from the line 4| to the brake magnet. Under such circumstancestherefore, the winch may be entirely controlled through adjustments atthe A-end.

If the plane is to be moored, both switches 33 and 43 are closed. Thiscuts in a' circuit closing relay 4!, across the line, through connectionswitch 33 and connection 43, 44, which relay closes contacts at 45, forthe brake circuit 46, 41. Release of the brake through energization ofthe brake magnet 33, then enables the winch to hold the plane moored atconstant tension, which tension can be determined by setting of therelief valve 32, in the hydraulic brake circuit.

For the safe hoisting of the plane from the water, two governing factorsrequire consideration. First, the actual hoisting should be insynchronism with the maximum upward wave velocity. Second, such hoistingshould be in time with the high wave of a recurring wave series, so thatwhen lifted out of the water, the pontoons or other parts of the planecannot be reached and injured by a following combination wave.

To meet these conditions,'there is provided in the present illustration,a normally closed circuit centrifugal switch 43, driven as byconnections 43, from the brake gear or a related part, which will opencircuit when the brake pump approaches or reaches zero. angular velocityand ;a normally closed circuit limit switch 33, operated asbyconnections II, from the drum 'or related part, which will opencircuit when the drum with maximum upward velocity elected by a high ydistinct from one of a lower series of van.

aieaasi waves, with the brake gear l3, substantialiy'at a standstill andthe planetary gears operating at substantially the maximum rate oftravel. circuits will be open at both the centrifugal switch and at thelimit switch and the simultaneous occurrence of both these opencircuits, controls the setting of the brake on the annular gear asfollows:

In Fig. 1, with the manual control switch 33 closed and switch 40, open,as illustrated, there will be a circuit through the brake magnet relay42, so long as circuit is closed at either the centrifugal switch 43, orthe limit switch 50,

through line 43, switch 33, line 44, and either one or both of thebranches 52, 33. These switches being in parallel, it follows that bothmust open before the brake relay circuit will be interrupted tode-energize the brake magnet and set the brake. This assures that thebrake will come on only when these desired conditions of maximum wavevelocity and lift resulting from the so-called high wave are present.

When the brake is automatically set in the manner described, the winchat once becomes a fixed drum winch with the sun gear ll, operated fromthe 13 motor driving the planetary gears i3, around in the then fixedlyheld annular gear l3, to drive the drum through sleeve 3, spur pinion 3and gear 4. I

. The relief valve 32 of the brake pump 23 may be set to put a properholding tension on the planepreparatory to the actual lifting of! thewater. Also the hydraulic transmission consisting of connected pump andmotor are of sufficient size and capacity to apply such holding tensionat a speed greater than the calculated maximum wave movement andshiproll. This enables the mechanism through the differential rection.The drum however, and the gearing immediately connected therewith,including spur gear. 5 and sleeve 3, carrying the cross head 3, willturn first in one direction, as with a lowering wave movement and thenin the opposite direction as with'a rising wave. The weight andconsequent inertia of these partsls kept as low as possible to avoidover-running at the end of movement in each direction, which would causesudden jerk on the line at the top of a wave and slack line atthe'bottom of a wave, as the parts start turning in the reversedirections.

In the present illustration, after attachment is made with the plane, itis only necessary for the operator to close the circuit at the switch33, and to throw the control "at the A-end to the full on position..Then, with the switch 43, in

the open circuit relation, circuit will be closed through the brakerelay 43, by way of either or both the centrifugal and the limitswitches 43 and 30, for energizing brake magnet 33, to release the brakeshoes or brake band and permit the brake gear i3 to act freely as adifferential drive element for the brake pump 23. The excess of energyover that requiredfor applying the desired holding tension to the line31, is then absorbed in the brake radiating system 33, 3|. 3!. 1|

until a time of maximum upward movement occurs, which with the brakegear I3, at or approximately at a standstill, centrifugal switch 48,will open its circuit and the limit switch 50, will also have opened itscircuit. The relay 42 is then de-energized by interruptions at both thecentrifugal switch and the limit switch. Consequently, brake magnet 38will be de-energized, brake gear [3 will be held stationary and withplanet gears Ill turningat mammum speed, actual hoisting of the loadwillbe begun. The in-.

crease of pressure in the B-end resultin g from the operator,particularly as regards conditions for automatic hoisting. In theillustration, a sig nal light is shown at 54, connected by wiring 55,across the relay 42, so as to show when that relay is energizedandconsequently when the brake magnet 38 is on and the brake gearingaccordingly is operating either for mooring or for ,automatic liftingasdescribed. Other indicators,

such as blinkers for showingconditions 'of' the centrifugal. and limitswitches may be'provided.

Fig. 2 shows in diagrammatic fashion how the hoisting line may beextended outboard by a boom indicated .at 51, and attached to a floatingobject such as an airplane 58.

Figure 3 shows in somewhat greater detail the wiring connections and asuitableform of centrifugal switch 48 and limit switch 50. Thecentrifugal or speed responsive switch in this case consists simply of ashaft 59 driven from the internal gear and brake member l3, l4 andcarrying a ball governor controlled element 60 which, when stationary orrotating slowly, will force the spring 6l over to interrupt the circuitat contacts 62 and which as it rotates or turns faster will permit thespring 6| to moveto the right sufficiently to close the circuit at thesecontact points.

The limit switch is shown as consisting of a screw shaft 63 driven fromthe drum through connection 5| and operating a nut element 64 which,after a predetermined movement toward the right, will rock the lever 55to interrupt the circuit 53 at the contact points 86.

In the application of the invention as herein disclosed, the operationmay be considered infour different phases: 7 7

First.0peration of the winch and the functioning of its various partsduring the raising or lowering of the hook under a predetermined tensioncontrolled by the brake pump setting.

Second.The mooring of the plane during its upward and downward movementon the waves and connected to-the hoisting line which is under theconstant tension predetermined by the brake pump setting,

Third-Operation of the winch when it is automaticallyconverted to afixed drum winch and proceeds to raise the plane from the water at themoment of maximum upward velocity, such velocity being measured as thatpoint on a combined wave formrepresenting the combination of velocitiesof boom point and plane with reference to level water line.

-Fourth-Conversion of the winch to a fixed drum winch, irrespective ofthe automatic conversion accomplishedin the preceding paragraph andproviding mechanism which is always adaptable for use for ordinaryhoisting purposes.

Considering these four stages in the order stated:

' First-When the plane or object to be hoisted comes within range of thehoisting line, itis desirable that the hook be lowered under. control ofthe A-end and so that the hook position will be accurately controllableand that a predeter-- mined low tension only be on the line.

of the line under such conditions can produce but a minimum of"damage,'limited to such tension"; When the object is hooked onto, thenthe line is.

kept taut by a reversal of direction of movement of the B-end to theconstant tensioning hoist position, the line then being held taut underthe constant tension holding force determined by the brake pump thenoperatingas a rotatable holding means. During such operations, motion ofthe drum 3, is efiected'byrotation of the shaft l2,

driving the planetary gears Ill, and the internal gear IS, thelatter'w'ith the brake released being free to either rotate .the drumpinion 5, or the brake pump shaft 21. Hence with a predetermined holdingforce'available in the brake pump,

only an equal or proportionate degree of tension will be generated inthe drum.

Second.--With the hook attached to the objec on the water, constanttension is created on the line 31, to prevent any slack from rising andfall-j fas plished regardless of the upward or downward" v ing motion ofthe floating object. This is accomvelocity of the floating-object, theB-end being speeded up through the agency of the A-end con- 4 and 5,rotating the planetary arm 8, with its pinions Ill, so that the latterrevolve around the sun gear H. The magnetic brake l5, being released,leaving the internal gear l3 free, this additional velocity of rotatingparts over that normally produced by rotation of the sun gear I l,,effectsincrease of speed of the internal gear, governed by the brakepump which is designed and adjusted to maintain substantially constantload and hence constant tension in the hoist line. As the object mooredmoves upwardly at' a velocity somewhat less than can begenerated by therate of rotation by the B-end and attendant gearing, the differencebetween these two relative velocities will efiect rotation of the brakepump and because of the constant'load imposed, constant tension will beapplied in the hoist line.

Itis to-be noted that if the moored object rises v with velocity equalto that produced by rotation of the B-end and its attendantgearing,internal gear l3 and the brake pump. attached thereto will ceaserotation. -If the rotation of the B-end is at a rate corresponding tothe maximum upward velocity of the moored object in combination withupward velocity of the boom, with reference to the level water line,then when the moored object reaches this condition, cessa tion ofrotation of internal gear l3, becomes a direct indication ofmaximumrelative upward velocity and it is this condition, as outlinedabove, that is, zero angular velocity, which is used to create theautomatic hoisting condition. It willbe clear from the foregoingdescription,

T when attendants are attaching the hook to'the plane or other floatingobject, any entanglement the boom point as produced by roll of the ship.

In hoisting a moored object, the hoisting should occur on a combinedwave which is the resultant of the two velocities of boom movement andwave motion and such that will have a following wave 01 smalleramplitude than the one from which hoisting is effected-so that thefollowing wave will not strike the object being raised before it has hadtime to clear the water. i

This automatic hoisting at maximum upward velocity and on occurrence ofthe high wave condition, is the result of the combined action,

of centrifugal switch 40, which opens circuit at or approximately zeroangular movement 01' the internal gearand limit switch 50, which openscircuit with a predetermined amount of line on the drum. Thus withsuflicient line on the drum indicating that the moored object is abovethe ,normal water lineoi the ship, the circuit controlling the magneticbrake is so eilected (opened) that upon opening of the centrifugalswitch circuit at ll, the brake will be automatically set to hold theinternal gear ll against rotation and thus convert the winch intoone oifixed drumcharacteristics.

With pressure regulated control on the Bend as above described, thestroke of this unit when a holding for constant tensioning is reduced-to approximately 50% of its mu value, but when the load, such asproduced by the moored object hanging full-weight on the hoisting lineoccurs, the attendant increase in oil pressure in u the B-end in itsattempt to hoist the increased load, raises the stroke of the B-end, sothat with a given quantity oil being delivered to it by the A-end, thespeed of the B-end is proportionately decreased.- The latter speed wouldbe that considered proper for operating as a fixed drum winch handlingthe maximum load intended.

Fourth.'rhe winch may be immediately and arbitraritly converted to fixeddrum characteristics at any time the automatic or load tensioningcharacteristics are not required, as for service in handling loads fromthe dock side or other ship purposes, by simply interrupting the brakemagnet circuit, so as to set thebrake on the internal gear I 3. This initself is a safety feature in that if the brake circuits be accidentallybroken, the winch will be thereby automatically converted to a fixeddrum winch and be operable accordingly. When converting from automaticto a fixed drum winch, the booster pump 36 may be disconnected from itssource of rotating power, as being then unnecessary.

While the invention has been disclosed and particularly described as awinch for hoisting 7o airplanes on shipboard, it will be appreciatedthat it may be applied to other purposes and in various othercombinations where a control is desired for conversion of power intomotion 01' an object in a gradual or controlled sense. It

. n will accordinglybe understood further that the parts shown and thelanguage used are primarily illustrative in sense, the invention beingof a broad nature and not limited to details illustrated. Also termsemployed are used in a descriptive rather than in a limiting sense.except possibly for limitations as may be required by state of the priorart.

What is claimed is:

l. A winch of the character disclosed, comprising a hoisting drum,apower unit for operating the same, rotatable holding means,diii'erential gear driving connections from said power unit to saidhoisting drum and to said rotatable holding means, including thefollowing; internal and external gears, one driven by said power unitand the other arranged to "rotate the rotatable holding means andAnterposed planetary gearing between and cooperating with said internaland external gears and operatively connected with said drum, andcontrollable braking means for holding the gear which rotates therotatable holding means to eflect application of the full power throughsaid differential gear driving connections to said hoisting drum.

2. A winch of the character disclosed, comprising a variablycontrollable hydraulic'pump, a hydraulic motor of the automatic pressureregulated stroke type connected therewith, internal and external gears,one drivenby said pressure controlled variable stroke hydraulic motor,controllable braking means for the other gear, energy absorbing meansdriven by said last mentioned gear, interposed planetary gearing betweenand operatively connected with said internal and external gears and ahoisting drum in drivendrivingrelation with said planetary gearing. 3. Awinch oi .the character disclosed, comprising' a variably controllablehydraulic pump,

a hydraulic motor .oi' the automatic. pressure regulatedjs'troke typeconnected therewith, internal and external gears, one driven-by said.pressure controlled variable stroke hydraulic motor, controllablebraking means forthe other gear; energy absorbing means, driven by saidlast'mentioned gear, interposed planetary gearing between I andoperatively connected with said internal and ulated stroke typeconnected therewith, internal and external gears, one driven by saidpressure controlled variable stroke hydraulic motor, controllablebraking means for the other'gear, energy absorbing means driven by saidlast mentioned gear, interposed planetarygearing between and operativeiyconnected with said internal and external gears, a hoisting drum indriven-driving relation with said planetary gearing and speed responsiveenergy absorbing means for governing operation of said controllablebrake.

means driven from the gear which drives said 3 a csasg-s cmaamaqnn r,

tween and operatively connected withsaidinternal and external gears, ahoisting drum in drivendriving relation with said planetary gearing andmeans governed by speed of the gear subjected to said brake control andaccording to amount of line wound on said hoisting drum for governingoperation of said controllable brake. 1

6. A winch oi the character disclosed, comprising a variablycontrollable hydraulic pump, a

hydraulic motor of the automatic pressure regulated stroke typeconnected therewith,.internal and external gears, one driven by saidpressure controlled variable stroke hydraulic motor, controllablebraking means for the other gear, energy absorbing means driven by saidlast mentioned gear, interposed planetary gearing between andoperatively connected with said internal and external gears, a hoistingdrum in driven-driving relation with said planetary gearing, means for aeil'ecting automatic control of said brake and means ior.arbitrarllyoperating said brake. independently of said automatic-control.

-7. Apparatus of the character disclosed, com:

prising power consuming means, rotary holding a means, a power unit fordriving' b'oth said means,

diiierential drive connections from said power unit to said powerconsuming means and to said rotary holding means respectivelyandincluding anele-f v rment which may be conditionedto eflecttransamission oi all the power from the power unit to the power-consumingmeans-fandmeans for so.

conditioning 'elemento! the 'diflerenti'al drive '.'conn' i f'i' on i;2'.8. ,Apparatu ggprisingi power, co

1 transmission olifall theifpow from thepower ave connections and" set idrive connection element.

matle'pressnre'regulated hydraulic motor, a hoist- '5; ingdrum,planetary gears in mesh with said sun said planetarygears, energyabsorbing means- Edfinecteddn griven relation with said internal 3 mgear, a brake. fofccnttolling said internal gear and means governingoperati ori 9f---S8ideb j 3 {or the'fcharacter, disclosed; con

uming means; rotary holding 3 means, aspower unit,for 'driving'i bothsaidmeans,

- a 1 ifl i a cj iiv gitin i f m' a rqw f unit jtoqsaid powermeans and.to, said uallycontrollfed yariable more; "'ddvemtherebwahydrauiicfinotor Lthe auto-* matic pressure regulatedvariableispeeditypecon- 7 fidi fi driven relfitiilfi W 5? afla l m jf hydraulicipump,asun'geardrivenbylsaid auto I I motor for driving the'same, a pump,difierential gear drive connections from said driving motor to 86 brake,including a switch operable in conjunction with said hoisting drum, aspeed responsive switch operable in conjunction with said internal gearand controlling circuits for said driven thereby, ahyd-raulic motor ofthe auto- 10 matic pressure regulated variable speed type con nected indrivenrelation to said variable stroke hydraulic pump, a sun gear drivenby said automatic pressure regulated hydraulic motor, a hoisting drum,planetary gears in mesh with said 15 sun gear and connected in drivingrelation to said hoisting drum, an internal gear in mesh with saidplanetary gears, energy absorbing means connected in driven relationwith said internal gear,

a brake for controlling said internal gear, means g0 governing operationof said brake, including a limit switch. operable in conjunction withsaid hoisting drum, a speed responsive switch operable in conjunctionwith said internal geancontrolling circuits for said brake under jointcontrol of said limit and speed responsive switches and means forarbitrarily controlling the brake operprising a uni-directional drivingmotor, a hy- "draulic pump operated thereby, a hydraulic motor connectedin driv'en relation to said pump, a'sun gear operated by, said hydraulicmotor, a hoisting drum, planetary gears engaged with said sun :5

gear and connected in driving relation to said hoisting drum, aninternal gear engaged by said planetary, gears, 'aYbrake for controllingsaid internal1gear, aspeed-responsive device driven vice. 1;

13 lncombin'a onwitha driven member and a moto g iondrivingjthe same, apump, diflerential gear dri e connectionsi'irom'sald driving motor to" a1 said driven'member;and.to jsaid pump respec'; tively, a reliei'jf-valve connected to regulate said pump andineans' forjcontrollingsaid diiierential gear onnections to transmitpart only or the power ofsaid driving motor tobo'th driven mem- 60 her and pumpjor all the power01 said driving motor to saiddriven member-only; p

14 In combination with a driven member and'a said driven member and tosaid pump respectively,

a relieivalve connected to regulate said pump,

m A winch of the character disclosed, -said driven member only andincluding means for sun gear and connected in driving relation to said'hoisting drum, an internal gear in mesh with said planetary gears,energy absorbing means connected in driven relation with said internalgear, means governing operation of said increasing-the. pgwer andreducing the speed applied to said driveiniembenthrous sa d difierentialgearing. v 15. In combination with a driven member and" a motor fordriving the same, holding means, differential gear drive connectionsfrom said driving motor to said driven member and holding meansrespectively, means for controlling 10 said differential gearconnections to transmit part only of the power of said driving motor toboth driven member and holding means or all the power of saiddrivingmotor to said driven member only and including interconnectedcon- 7| from saidinternal gear 'andpbrake controlling 40 r meansoperable from; said speed responslive deto said driven member only, saidcontrolling means including both speed responsive mechanism operating onsaid differential gear connections under predetermined speed conditionsof said differential gear connections and arbitrary control meansoperable"manually irrespective of speed operating conditions.

17. A winch of the character disclosed, comprising-a uni-directionaldriving motor, a manually controlled variable stroke hydraulic pumpdriven thereby, a hydraulic motor of the automatic pressure regulatedvariable speed type connected in driven relation to said variable strokehydraulic pump; a hoisting drum, energy absorbing means, differentialgearing drive connections from said automatic pressure regulatedhydraulic motor to said hoisting drum and to said energy absorbingmeans, means for regulating said energy absorbing means to effectoperation of said hoisting drum as a constant tension device and meansfor controlling said diiferential drive connections to transform actionof thedrum from constant tension to flxed drum operation. v

. 18.In apparatus of the character disclosed, the combination of ahoisting drum, power means for operating same, a brake pump,differential drive gearing from said power means to saida, drum andbrakepump, a relief valve for determining the load developed by said brakepump and a constantly running booster pump connected in assistingrelation with said brake pump.

19. A winch of the character disclosed, comprising in combination with adrive shaft, a planetary gear set consisting of a sun gear on said driveshaft, planetary gears in mesh with r and operable about said sun gearand an internal gear in mesh with and rotatable about said planetarygears,-load creating means driven by said internal gear, means operablefor holding saidinternal gear against rotation and a hoisting drumdriven from said planetary gears.

. 20. A winchof the character disclosed, comprising --in combinationwith a drive shaft, a planetary gear set consisting of a sun gear onsaid drive shaft, planetary gears in mesh with and operable about saidsun gear and an internal gear in mesh with and rotatable about saidplanetary gears, load creating means driven by said internal gear, meansoperable for holding said I internal gear against rotation, a hoistingdrum driven from said planetary gears, said creating means including abr relief valve therefor f develo A winch of the character disclosed,comprising in combination a drive shaft, a sun gear on said drive shaft,a tubular shaft operable about said drive shaft, planetary gears carriedby said tubular shaft and in mesh with said sun ar, a hoisting drum,drive gearing from said bular shaft to said hoisting drum aninternal \rin mesh with and rotatable about said .netary gears, torque creatingmeans driven e ermining the torque from said internal gear and brakingmeans for holding said internal gear.

22.. A winch of the character disclosed, comprising a drive shaft, 9.driving motor at one end of said shaft; a sun gear at the opposite endof said shaft, a tubular shaft rotatableabout said drive shaft,planetary gears at one end of the tubular shaft in mesh with the sungear, a pinion on the opposite end portion of said tubular shaft, ahoisting drum driven from said pinion an internal gear in mesh with androtatable about said planetary gears, means for generating substantiallyconstant load connected in driven relation with said internal gear andbraking means for holding said internal gear.

23. A winch of the character disclosed, comprising in combination ahoisting drum, a driving motor therefor, load producing means,differential drive gearing from said motor to said hoisting drum and tosaid load producing means for effecting constant tension operation ofsaid hoisting drum through said differential drive gearing at thetension determined by said load producing means and means forcontrolling said differential drive gearing to effect fixed hoistingoperation of said drum independent of said load producing means.

24. A winch of the character disclosed, comprising in combination ahoisting drum, a motor, load producing means, differential driveconnections from said motor to said drum and to said load producingmeans for effecting constant tension operation of said drum at thetension determined by said load producing means, said differential driveconnections including differentially driven parts respectively operatingsaid drum and said load producing means and means jointly controlled bysaid drum and by said differential drive gearing for holding that partof. the differential drive gear which operates the load producing meansto convert'the winch from constant tension operation of the drum tofixed hoisting operation of the drum independent of said load producingmeans. 1

25. A winch of the character disclosed, comprising a uni-directionaldriving motor, a manually controlled variable stroke hydraulic pumpdriven thereby, a hydraulic motor of the automatic pressure regulatedvariable speed type connected in drivenrelation to said variable strokehydraulic pump, a differential gear set including a driving memberoperated from said hydraulic motor, an opposed member and anintermediate member in driving-driven relation set and means governingthe o of said no brake.

26. A he character disclosed, cornng in combination with a drive shaft,a differential gear set including a driving member on said shaft, anopposed driven member and an intermediate member in driving-drivenrelation between said driving member and opposed driven member, rotatingload creating means driven by said opposed member, means forpredetermining the load created by rotation of said load creating means,means operable for holding said opposed driven member against rotationand a hoisting drum driven from said intermediate member.

27. A constant tension winch, comprising a 28. A winch of the charactervalve connected with said pump to determine theload developed thereby, adifferential gear set including opposing elements, one operated by saidmotor and the other arranged to drive said brake pump and anintermediate element between said opposing elements and arranged todrive said drum, a brake ,for holding the element of the. differentialwhich drives the brake pump and means for controlling operation of saidbrake.

prising a hoisting drum, a driving motor therefor, a shaft connected atone end with said motor,

'a driving element of; a difierential gear-set on the opposite end ofsaid shaft,-a driven element of a diiferential gear set, rotary loadproducing means, drive connections from said differential driven cmemberto said rotary load producing means, an intermediate element of adifierential gearv set interposed between said driving, and drivenelements and concentrically disposed with respect tosaid motor drivenshaft, a gear on said intermediate element drivenshaft, a gear on thehoisting drum engagedby said last mentioned gear. means for regulatingthe torque generated by said load producin means and a controllablebrake for holding said driven element'of the differential gear set. a 1t 29. A winch of the character disclosed-comprising in combination,arhoisting drum carrying a. cable for attachment to a,floating object.load producing means, means for setting said load producing means for a.substantially const'ant load, a differential gear set including adriving member, a driven member and an inter-,

driving member, one of said, other twolmembers of the differential gearset b'eing connectedto drive 'said hoisting drum and. thellremainingmember of said difierentialfgear, set being connected to drive said loadproducingmeans and controllable means for holdingsaid last member.

30.- A winch of the character disclosed, comprising in combination, ahoisting drum carrying tial gear set being connected to'drive said loadproducing means, controllabe means for holding saidlast member andmeansoperable in the operation of-th'e drum in a winding-on direction forcausing said holding means to hold the difl'erential gear member whichdrives the load producing means.

31. Awinch of the character disclosed, compris ng a hoisting drumcarrying a cable for attachment to a floating object, controllable meansfor operating said drum to apply substantially constant tension to arisingand falling floating object attached to said cable and to operatesaid drum to hoist said object from the-water, means for automaticallyindicating maximum hoisting velocity of said drum during said constantten sioning and mechanism for controlling said operating means to changefrom constant tensioning to hoisting operation 01' said drum at anindicated time of maximum hoisting velocity of the drum.

disclosed, com- 32. A winch of the character disclosed, comprising ahoisting drum carrying a cable for attachment to a floating object,controllable means for operating said drum to apply substantiallyconstant tension tofa rising and falling floating 5 object attachedto'saidc'able andtooperate said drum to hoist said object from thewater, means for automatically indicating maximum hoisting and includinga manualcontrol' 'whi ch may be" arbitrarily'operated "at a maximumhoisting time shown by said automatic indicating means. '33. A winch ofthe charact'er disclosed,comprising a hoistingdrum carrying a cable forattachment to a'fioating object, controllablemeans" ,3 for operatingsaid drumto apply-substantially M constant tension ;to' a rising and;falling floating object attached tosaid'cable and to operatesaid drum tohoist said-object, from the water; means automatically operabe toindicate a maxiirium upperu osition of' the l rising andfalIing floatingobject during-said constant'tensioning and mechanism for controllingsaid operating 'mea'nsfto change sameirorn Econstanttensioiiing tohcisting operation of said drums-" 1; 234. A winch of:-tii-*charaetefi'disclosed,coin prising a hoisting-drum 'carryin'g acable-for at tachment to a float ng object;controllable meahs 'foroperating said drum to apply-substantially,

constant tension to a-rising and iall-in'ggfloatinga:

drum to hoist .saidobject from the rwatei3,;. means automaticallyoperabe to J indicateua upper-position of the. rising 'Jand raumg noatmgobject during said "constant, .tensioning, -mechanismforcontrollingcald;:operating means to 0 change same from constanttensioning to hoisting operation of said drum','.includinga manualcontrol which may-be arbitrarily eperatedata maximum height positionshown bysaidautomaticindicating'means." 5 35. A winch ofthe-characterdisclosed; com-. prising a hoisting drum carrying a cableforat tachment to a floatingsobject, controllable means for operatingsaiddrum to apply substantlally constant tension to a risingandialling'floatingj object attached-to-said' cable andto operatesaiddrum to hoist said object from the watenmeans' automaticallyoperable to indicate a'maximum' upper position of the rising andfalling-floating object during said constant.tensioning mechan nism forcontrolling said operating, means to change same from constanttensioninglto hoisting operation ofsaid drum, including a devicegoverned according ,to the-amount of line wound upon said hoisting drum.

36. A lwinch of the character disclosed, comprising a hoisting drumcarrying a cable for attachment 'to a floating object controllablemeans. for operating said drum to apply substantially constant tensionto a rising and falling floating object attached to said cable and tooperate said drum to hoist said object from the water, means forautomatically indicating maximum velocity risingmovement and maximumupper position of said rising and falling object during said constanttensioning and mechanism for controlling said operating means to changesame from .constant tension'ing to hoistingoperatlon of said drum. 37. Awinch of the character disclosed, com- 7 Q to hoisting operatlonyofIliilij at one ing floating obiect 1- p ng, a hoisting 4 tachmenttoailoaf for operating gonstant tension to a rising objectattachedtosaidflcahle Ind prisinga hoisting'dnim carrying a cable forattachment to a iioating' object, controllable means for operating saiddrum to apply substantially constant tension to a rising and fallingfloating g object attached to said cable and to operate said drum tohoist said object from the water, means for automatically indicatingmaximum velocity rising movement and maximum upper position of saidrising and tailing object during said constant tensioning, mechanismiorcontroiling said operating means to change same from constanttensioning to hoisting operation of said drum,

including a speed responsive device --erationoithedrum.

..38.Awinch otthe said hoisting drum and a device governed by the amountof line wound on the drum cooperable to automatically elect theconversion from constant tenslonlng to hoisting op ing-a cable forattachment mp.-.;a:r diator for positively holding mid reaction memberagainst rotation. a

42'. Awinchi'orhoisting afloatingoblectcolnsas'wmen f toafloatingdrum'to hoistfsaidobieet means governediaccording. said drum in a 'ationat a time 0! upward veloci y and maximum upper position of said risingand;iall-' ingiloating biect' prising a hoisting drum carrying a cable!or attachment to a floating obiectm diiferen'tial gear set including adriven member connected for operating said drum; a driving member indriving .engagement with saiddriven member and a romember, a motor foroperating said driving member and means for opposing rotation oi saidreac- 'tion member to produce operation of said drum through saiddiil'erential gearing under a tension proportionate to said opposingforceonior holding said reaction member against rotation, to therebypass all the applied power of the driving member to positive operationof the drum, said latter means including a brake pump operated u by saidreaction member and a controllable brake a: r m: was .t emtation ot 41.A winch of tary reaction member engaged by'said driven-- meam.inclMfng-abrakeiiorncuring said reac- T 13'" a 47. A winch a a prisingdrums driving motor; connections said driving motor. including a drivingmember toner-V ated by sa'd motor, a driven member connected to t" drivesaid drum and a rotary reaction member interposed btween said drivingand driven mem- 1 hers. arotary load imposing member driven by saidreaction member and arranged to oppose rotation oi the latter withsubstantially constant torque at all speeds. means for indicating zerorotation of said reaction member and means for securing said react onmember at a time of zero rotation shown by said indicating means. tothereby through said diiferential gearing apply 70 full power oi thedriving motor to operation of said hoisting drum.

JOHN C. SMALTZ.

CARL W. KAHLERTH. 7

